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针对TC4钛合金激光焊接头存在的应力集中和组织不均匀等典型冶金缺陷，采用表面超声冲击处理(UIT)技术对焊接头进行表面强化处理，旨在通过微观组织重构与残余应力调控提升其服役寿命及可靠性。结果显示：经UIT处理后，焊缝中心及焊趾区域发生明显塑性变形，接头中心高度降低，两端下塌区域的受冲击面积增加且下塌深度减小，焊趾部位趋于平缓。焊缝中心区域表面粗糙度明显降低，但是与冲击覆盖率呈非线性关系。焊缝中心柱状晶在冲击作用下发生晶界滑移与晶粒挤压，致密度提高，表层柱状晶平均尺寸与冲击覆盖率呈负相关。表层形成厚度10～30μm的塑性变形层，变形层内α相出现晶格弯曲及破碎现象。EDS分析证实冲击处理未改变元素分布规律，XRD图谱显示α-Ti衍射峰存在峰位偏移与峰宽增大，未检测到新相生成。UIT后焊缝中心表层的显微硬度提升3.50%～5.40%,作用深度≤1.2 mm。抗拉强度提升较小，断裂位置由母材区转移至焊缝区，断后伸长率显著下降。残余应力场发生重构，原始焊态的拉应力场转化为压应力场，残余压应力幅值与冲击覆盖率呈正相关，双面冲击较单面冲击可增强压应力场强度。
Abstract：Based on the typical metallurgical defects such as stress concentration and uneven microstructure in TC4 titanium alloy laser welded joints, surface ultrasonic impact treatment(UIT) technology was used to carry out the surface hardening treatment on the welded joints, aiming to improve their service life and reliability through microstructure reconstruction and residual stress control. The results show that after UIT, significant plastic deformation occurs in the center and toe area of the weld seam, the height of the joint center decreases, the impact area of the collapsed areas at both ends increases and the depth of collapse decreases, and the toe area tends to flatten. The surface roughness of the central area of the weld seam is significantly reduced, but it shows a non-linear relationship with the impact coverage rate. The central columnar crystals in the weld seam undergo grain boundary sliding and grain compression under impact, resulting in the increase of density. The average size of the surface columnar crystals is negatively correlated with the impact coverage rate. A plastic deformation layer with thickness of 10-30 μm is formed on the surface, and lattice bending and fragmentation phenomena occur in the α phase within the deformation layer. EDS analysis confirms that the impact treatment does not change the distribution pattern of elements. XRD spectra shows a shift in peak position and an increase in peak width of the α-Ti diffraction peak, and no new phase formation is detected. After UIT, the microhardness of the center surface layer of the weld seam is increased by 3.50%-5.40%, with a depth of action of ≤1.2 mm. The tensile strength increases slightly, and the fracture location shifts from the base metal area to the weld seam area, with a significant decrease in elongation after fracture. The residual stress field undergoes reconstruction, and the tensile stress field of the original welded state is transformed into a compressive stress field. The amplitude of residual compressive stress is positively correlated with the impact coverage rate, and double-sided impact can enhance the strength of the compressive stress field compared to single-sided impact.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TG407;TG663
引用信息:
[1]张强勇,徐育烺,赵先锐,等.超声冲击处理对TC4钛合金激光焊接头组织调控和性能强化的影响[J].塑性工程学报,2026,33(05):155-164.
基金信息:
江苏省科技副总项目(FZ20241869); 江苏海院科研启动基金资助项目(2024BSKY22和2024BSKY21);江苏海院校级课题(2024ZKyb03; 2024ZKyb05); 大学生创新创业项目(GX-2025-004)
2026-05-21
2026-05-21
2026-05-21