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对6082铝合金进行了有限元挤压仿真，并进行了快速挤压实验，得到最佳温挤压工艺参数区间后，对挤压后铝合金进行了热处理工艺，最终得到综合力学性能优良的6082铝合金挤压棒材。结果表明：有限元仿真过程中，随着坯料温度升高，金属内部挤压温度分布更均匀，应变从心部到表面差值增大，随着挤压比的增大，棒材温度升高，等效应变增大，随挤压速度增加，棒材内部温度分布变得更均匀，等效应变出现一定程度的增大；在挤压实验中，随坯料温度的减小和挤压比的增大，铝合金抗拉强度升高，伸长率呈现下降趋势，最终确定最佳挤压工艺参数为坯料温度250℃、模具温度300℃、挤压比14.79、挤压速度10 mm·s-1。热处理对挤压态铝合金性能有明显影响，主要表现在第二相粒子的析出、颗粒大小及弥散情况，最终确定最佳热处理工艺参数为520℃×0.5 h+180℃×8 h。研究发现通过优化挤压+热处理工艺可获得工艺性能较优良的6082铝合金挤压棒材。
Abstract：The finite element extrusion simulation of 6082 aluminum alloy was conducted, and the rapid extrusion experiment was carried out. After the optimal warm extrusion process parameter sections were obtained, the extruded aluminum alloy was subjected to heat treatment process. Finally, the extruded 6082 aluminum alloy bar with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties was obtained. The results show that during the finite element simulation process, as the billet temperature increases, the temperature distribution within the metal becomes more uniform, while the difference of strain from center to surface increases. With the increase of extrusion ratio, the temperature of the bar rises and the equivalent strain increases. As the extrusion speed increases, the temperature distribution inside the bar becomes more uniform, and the equivalent strain increases to a certain extent. In the extrusion experiment, as the billet temperature decreases and the extrusion ratio increases, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy increases, and the elongation shows a decreasing trend. Finally, the optimal extrusion process parameters were determined as billet temperature of 250 ℃, die temperature of 300 ℃, extrusion ratio of 14.79 and extrusion speed of 10 mm·s-1. Heat treatment has a significant impact on the properties of extruded aluminum alloys, which is mainly manifested in the precipitation, particle size and dispersion of the second phase particles. The optimal heat treatment process parameters were ultimately determined to be 520 ℃×0.5 h+180 ℃×8 h. It is found that 6082 aluminum alloy extruded bars with excellent process properties can be obtained by optimizing the extrusion+heat treatment process.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:TG379;TG166.3
引用信息:
[1]王建珑,宋江豪,赵昌德等.不同挤压及热处理参数对6082铝合金的影响[J].塑性工程学报,2025,32(08):40-54.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51905123); 山东省重大创新工程(2020CXGC010303)